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Forensic Accounting and Economic Criminality
ŠEJBA, Roman
This thesis is focused on the topic of "Forensic Accounting and Economic Crime". It combines theoretical and practical knowledge. The main objective of this work is to present accounting fraud and economic crime. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first one is accounting manipulation of reports, which is described in the part of the test detection models. Fraudulent conduct, whether by employees, management, or external person. Generally the frads have a bad effect on the business environment. Defamation from an external person may also have a fatal impact on the company. The primary and most important factor of the impact on the company is financial loss. Other important factors are the loss of customer, supplier and employee confidence and the loss of company's goodwill. The thesis should show and interconnect individual test models of financial reports on selected accounting units. In case these test models reveal possible manipulation of financial reports, it then means there was an economic crime commited. The three selected enterprises are from the same industry. They have the same period of observation and their development over time is tested by detection models. The selection of the companies is based on their reporting of profit or loss, cash flow and other necessary indicators used for test models. The enterprises are tested using the CFEBT model, Jones non-discretionary accruals and the Dechow-Dichev accrual quality model. The second part includes an analysis of economic crimes in the Czech Republic and describes some real cases. Data from 2014 to 2019 are analyzed in terms of frequency and in terms of loss expressed in CZK, with a special focus on accounting and tax crimes. The analysis is supplemented by the clarification of economic crime in the period under review.
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Value Added Tax in the Czech Republic, EU comparison
Pelikánová, Radka ; Kemény, Irena (advisor) ; Hollmannová, Monika (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on value added tax which is an important part of the tax systems of many countries around the world. In the countries of European Union is this tax compulsory. The main target of this work is to describe the origin of value added tax, the principle of its functioning and its legislation not only in the Czech Republic but also in the European Union. Furthermore, this thesis focuses on the harmonization of value added tax in the European Union, its development and differences in the use of value added tax between the Member States. Finally, this work deals with tax fraud, which threaten the value added tax in particular so-called Carousel Fraud. It describes the factors that enable the creation of tax fraud and tries to answer the question whether the reverse charge mechanism could eliminate the tax fraud. It also makes efforts to find appropriate solutions to the problem of tax fraud.
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The procedures for the reduction of tax evasion in the field of value added tax
ČÍŽEK, Martin
This dissertation is dedicated to tax fraud in the area of VAT (Value Added Tax). First of all, VAT terms are primarily defined according to current VAT law and also with respect to the harmonization of this tax in the European Union. The next section focuses on the VAT authority and individual constituents which contribute to the tax authority, as well as compliance with its requirements. The main part of the dissertation is dedicated to the forms of tax evasion most frequently practiced in the Czech Republic. The most widespread tax fraud, carousel fraud, is explained and described with the help of diagrams in a separate section. This matter is followed by the issue of the ways in which tax fraud is being prevented, the means of which are examined individually. The process of VAT collections in the federal budget is analyzed, as is the growth of VAT in connection with that of the GNP, in the second half of the dissertation. Subsequently, there is an analysis of the growth of VAT due to higher tax rates, and as a result of the introduction of more efficient tax collection procedures for added value and the implementation of different measures against tax fraud. The analyses are followed by potential procedures and remarks which could lead to a further reduction of criminal activity in this tax area.
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Heftiness and Efficiency of Introduction of Control Report to VAT (Value Added Tax)
Oberreiterová, Olga ; Hajdíková, Taťána (advisor) ; Římalová, Monika (referee)
Diploma thesis will deal with the Control Report as a tool to suppress and prevent evasion of value added tax. The aim of this work is to analyze this tool to evaluate the intensity and efficiency. In the first part of this work are laid theoretical basis for the analysis of the selected instrument. This is a presentation of the operating principle of the VAT legislation, next what is the value-added tax, introduction of the concept of tax evasion, and his form at present, continue to the definition of Control Reports, along with other tools in the fight against tax fraud in the Czech Republic and the European Union. The second part will deal with practical work site Control Reports, its analysis, comparing the planned contribution of the real benefits, demands clarification of its implementation by the tax administration and by the taxpayers.
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Value Added Tax in the Czech Republic, EU comparison
Pelikánová, Radka ; Kemény, Irena (advisor) ; Hollmannová, Monika (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on value added tax which is an important part of the tax systems of many countries around the world. In the countries of European Union is this tax compulsory. The main target of this work is to describe the origin of value added tax, the principle of its functioning and its legislation not only in the Czech Republic but also in the European Union. Furthermore, this thesis focuses on the harmonization of value added tax in the European Union, its development and differences in the use of value added tax between the Member States. Finally, this work deals with tax fraud, which threaten the value added tax in particular so-called Carousel Fraud. It describes the factors that enable the creation of tax fraud and tries to answer the question whether the reverse charge mechanism could eliminate the tax fraud. It also makes efforts to find appropriate solutions to the problem of tax fraud.
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Specific accounting cases and their VAT treatment
Krutinová, Klára ; Skálová, Jana (advisor) ; Molín, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with business transactions in terms of their accounting and VAT treatment according the statutory regulations in the Czech Republic. Firstly, accounting and VAT essentials are defined, the status of VAT in the European context is described as well. The thesis focuses not only on accounting of VAT in general, but it also shows some specific cases. The thesis deals with the right to deduct input VAT in connection with tax evasions in more detail. This issue was described using judicature. In the end, the possible ways how to deal safely with business partners are also discussed.
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Accounting and Tax Frauds from Comparative Perspective of Czech and American Law and Practice
Holub, Ondřej ; Molín, Jan (advisor) ; Pelák, Jiří (referee)
This diploma thesis entitled Accounting and Tax Frauds from Comparative Perspective of Czech and American Law and Practice analyses accounting frauds and tax frauds in the Czech Republic with added comparative aspects from the US. The purpose of the thesis divided to 6 chapters is to provide a complex and comprehensive analysis from the perspective of accounting, legal and justice system and police investigation and to propose original policy solutions how to improve combating this sophisticated economic criminal activities. This thesis is grounded in an interdisciplinary context and applies economics, taxes, accounting, law, criminology and forensic science. It also combines theoretical background with practical case study analysis. Stemming from the case study analysis and the comparative perspectives from the US, this thesis proposes practical solutions proposals for the police work. One of the common features of both Czech and the US system is the essential role of experts. The added value of this thesis includes 10 different proposals in the legislative, institutional, informational and practical police area, such as establishing special police unit tasked with accounting and audit frauds, protection of whistleblowers, more severe punishments, uniform tax software and electronic evidence, better coordination between police and the tax authorities, improving the education of policemen in the economic, tax and accounting area, cooperation with academia and police internships of economics students and also enhanced international cooperation. One cross-cutting finding is the absolute necessity of close and long-term cooperation and coordination between police, judiciary, tax authorities and academia, sharing knowledge, information and know-how and critically analysing recent trends and practical issues. That is the only way how to effectively improve the fight against this complex white-collar crime.
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